<p>Greensville County Training School, also known as the Greensville County Learning Center, is a historic Rosenwald school building located at Emporia, Virginia. It was built in 1929, and is a single-story, U-shaped brick building. It consists of a front hyphen that connects two wings containing classrooms, while an auditorium, office space, and a library form the interior central space. A classroom addition was constructed in 1934. It was constructed for the education of African-American students, and closed in the 1960s following desegregation of the public schools.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Possible future</h2><br>
<p>After desegregation and the building of the new Greensville County Elementary School in the County, the School Board used the Rosenwald building for storage and the new wing for offices. The Rosenwald portion of the complex fell into disrepair and has since been deeded to a community based preservation group. The condition of the building was so dire that the group undertook selective demolition to save as much of the building as possible.</p><br>
<p>Belfield–Emporia Historic District, also known as North Emporia, is a national historic district located at Emporia, Virginia. The district includes 41 contributing buildings in the Belfield section of Emporia. In 1887, the neighboring towns of Hicksford and Belfield merged to form the town of Emporia. The district generally consists of late-19th- to early-20th-century brick buildings laid out in a "T"-shape at the intersection of Halifax and Baker Streets. Notable buildings include the Hotel Virginia, the Bethlehem Building or former First National Bank of Emporia , Petersburg and Danville Railroad passenger station, and Pair&#39;s Furniture . Located in the district is the separately listed H. T. Klugel Architectural Sheet Metal Work Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Hicksford–Emporia Historic District, also known as Emporia, is a national historic district located at Emporia, Virginia. The district includes 36 contributing buildings and 2 contributing objects in the Hicksford section of Emporia. In 1848, Hicksford was a stop on the Petersburg Railroad. In 1887, the</p><br>
<p>neighboring towns of Hicksford and Belfield merged to form the town of Emporia. The district generally consists of late 19th century or early 20th</p><br>
<p>century, when Hicksford–Emporia began to evolve from a small agricultural outpost to a large commercial and governmental center. Located at the heart of the district is the separately listed Greensville County Courthouse Complex. Other notable buildings include the Citizens National Bank (c. 1910), the Widows Son&#39;s Masonic Lodge (1905), First Presbyterian Church (1907-1908), Emporia Elementary School (1907, 1925), Emporia Armory (mid-1930s), Greensville County Auditorium (1934), and Emporia Post Office (1938). The Old Merchants and Farmers Bank Building is also separately listed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Ratcliffe–Logan–Allison House is a historic home located at Fairfax, Virginia. It is commonly and historically known as Earps Ordinary, as the structure is an expansion of the original Earps Ordinary, a late 18th Century building used as a tavern and store by Caleb Earp. It consists of two sections built about 1810 and about 1830, and is a small two-story, single pile brick building. A two-story rear wing connected by a hyphen was added in the 20th century. A postal station and stage coach stop operated from the building in the 1820s-1830s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is located in the City of Fairfax Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the City of Fairfax.</p><br>
<p>Birch House is a historic home located at Falls Church, Virginia. It was built in the 1840s, as a -story, Greek Revival frame I-house dwelling. It was enlarged to two stories in the 1850s. It was again enlarged in 1873, by an extension across the rear of the original dwelling. A porch across the front was added much later. It was the home of Joseph Edward Birch and his descendants.</p><br>
<p>The house is now owned by former City of Falls Church Vice Mayor and Mrs. Samuel A. Mabry. The Mabrys purchased the house in 1984. The garden has been featured in the Virginia State Garden show twice.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office-Sewickley Branch is an American post office building that is located at 200 Broad Street in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1910.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic building was designed by architect James Knox Taylor, who was the Supervising Architect of the United States Department of the Treasury from 1897 to 1912. It was created in the classical revival style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 26, 2012, and the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The John A. Brashear House and Factory in the Perry South neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was built in 1886. Former home of astronomer John Brashear , who was described by former Pennsylvania Governor Martin Grove Brumbaugh as "Pennsylvania&#39;s most eminent citizen," the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The site consists of a Second Empire style house (1886) and a two-story 105’ x 38’ brick factory building (1886). A small brick wash house was added around 1900. The site was Brashear&#39;s primary residence in the latter part of this life. His Brashear Company factory manufactured optical instruments for science and industry. The company continued to operate from the factory after his death in 1920, at one point making components for the World War II era Norden bombsight. The company moved out of the factory around 1954.</p><br>
<p>The factory was demolished by Pittsburgh on March 17, 2015, after one of the factory&#39;s walls had partially collapsed onto an adjacent apartment building the night before. The factory had been owned by the city since 2012, but it was unable to allocate funds to correct structural and roof deficiencies. The demolition contract was valued at $235,000.</p><br>
<p>During the demolition, workers discovered a 120-year-old time capsule in the buildings former cornerstone. Made from brass and roughly the size of a dictionary, the box was later opened by a member of the Antique Telescope Society, noting that the contents included plans and blueprints of Brashears factory, a photograph of mechanical workers who had been employed by Brashears factory in August 1894, an optical glass, letters from and to Brashear, newspaper articles dating from 1891 to 1894, photographs of prominent citizens of the Pittsburgh area and of Brashears family, a lock of hair from Brashears wife, Phoebe, and a book entitled, “In Memoriam William Thaw,” which paid homage to Brashears mentor who provided the financial support which enabled Brashear to build his home and factory.</p><br>
<h3>Placement of this property on the National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>The nomination materials for placement of the John A. Brashear House and Factory on the National Register of Historic Places were reviewed by Pennsylvania&#39;s Historic Preservation Board on February 1, 2011, at 9:45 a.m. at the Labor and Industry Building in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Also considered for National Register placement at this meeting were: the Alden Villa in Lebanon County, the McCook Family Estate in Pittsburgh, the Montrose Historic District in Susquehanna County, the Quakertown Historic District in Bucks County, Wilpen Hall in Sewickley, the Robb Farm in Huntingdon County, and the Tindley Temple United Methodist Church and Marian Anderson House in Philadelphia, as well as multiple historic African American churches in Philadelphia that were presented together on a "Multiple Property Documentation Form."</p><br>
<p>The John A. Brashear House and Factory were then officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places later in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The August Wilson House is an historic home which is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It once belonged to the family of the famed African-American playwright August Wilson; it was Wilson&#39;s childhood home for the first twelve years of his life.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Located at 1727 Bedford Avenue in the Crawford-Roberts neighborhood, this historic structure was built during the 1840s. It was placed on the List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations on February 26, 2008 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The House was opened as an arts center in August 2022.</p><br>
<p>The Pittsburgh Renaissance Historic District is a historic district in the Central Business District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bounded by Stanwix Street and the Allegheny, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, the Pittsburgh Renaissance Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 2013. It includes within its boundary the Forks of the Ohio, as well as Gateway Center, the Bell Telephone Company Building, and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Building which was constructed in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The historic district contains fifteen contributing resources including the following:</p><br>
<p>Nine of the ten Gateway Center buildings:</p><br>
<p>One and Two Gateway Center (1952)</p><br>
<p>Three Gateway Center (1952)</p><br>
<p>Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania Western Headquarters Building (1957)</p><br>
<p>Hilton Pittsburgh (1959)</p><br>
<p>Four Gateway Center (1960)</p><br>
<p>Gateway Towers (1964)</p><br>
<p>IBM Building (1964)</p><br>
<p>Westinghouse Electric Corporation Headquarters (1969)</p><br>
<p>Point State Park (1974), including the following structures:</p><br>
<p>Fort Pitt Block House (1764)</p><br>
<p>Fort Pitt Museum (1969)</p><br>
<p>Two buildings within the district boundaries which were not part of the Gateway Center or Point State Park projects, but within the period of significance:</p><br>
<p>Pittsburgh Press Building (1927; remodeled in 1962)</p><br>
<p>Allegheny Towers (1967)</p><br>
<p>The only non-contributing properties within the district boundaries are the former State Office Building (1957), which was considered to have lost its architectural integrity due to a 1980s remodeling, and the Gateway light rail station, which was built in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Glen Ellyn Downtown North Historic District is a historic business district in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, United States. It is found on Main Street between Crescent Boulevard & Pennsylvania Avenue, the north side of Crescent between Main & Forest Avenue and the south side of Pennsylvania between Main and Glenwood Avenue. There are thirty-four buildings in the district, twenty-eight of which contribute to its historical fabric.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glen Ellyn, Illinois was first settled in the 1830s. The first commercial establishment was Stacy&#39;s Tavern, built to serve stagecoach travelers. In 1849, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad opened a station one mile south of the tavern on land owned by Dr. Lewey Quitterfield Newton. The railroad did not originally intend to build a station at the then-uninhabited area, but Newton was able to convince the company to run trains to the area if he raised the funds for the station. David Kelley, who named the station (and thus the ensuing settlement) Danby after his birth town in Vermont, built the Mansion House Hotel at the corner of Main Street and Crescent Boulevard in 1851, the first commercial development in the district. The Town of Danby was platted in 1855 by Newton.</p><br>
<p>Commercial activity was initially limited to the north side of the tracks. The village changed its name to Prospect Park in 1874 and to Glen Ellyn in 1891. The latter name change was prompted by the development of the Glen Ellyn Hotel & Springs Company, a resort overlooking the nearby lake. Although the resort was not a financial success by the time it was destroyed in a 1906 fire, it helped develop Glen Ellyn&#39;s reputation as an idyllic suburb and encouraged growth to its town center. In November 1891, a fire destroyed most of the buildings on the west side of Main Street between Crescent Boulevard and Pennsylvania Avenue. In the first two decades of the 20th century, the city invested in public improvements such as paved roads to attract business. As suburban living gained in popularity in the 1920s, Glen Ellyn became one of the most popular destinations for former Chicago residents.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The following twenty-eight buildings contribute the historic district. There are two dominant architectural styles: eight buildings are in the Chicago school style and six are in the Tudor Revival style.</p><br>
<p>504 Crescent Boulevard, 1925, one-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>515 Crescent Boulevard, 1961, one-part commercial block in the Colonial Revival style. Designed by Perkins & Norris</p><br>
<p>Glen Ellyn State Bank, 1926-1929, arcaded block in the Classical Revival style</p><br>
<p>528 Crescent Boulevard, 1925, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Altered in 1986.</p><br>
<p>530 Crescent Boulevard, 1924, automobile showroom in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>532-534 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1915, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school and Streamline Moderne style. Altered in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>536 Crescent Boulevard, 1926, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Altered to an automobile showroom and garage in 1926 by Louis R. Christie.</p><br>
<p>Glen Theatre, 1926, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Designed by Betts & Holcomb.</p><br>
<p>544-546 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1910, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>548 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1900, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>550 Crescent Boulevard, 1925, one-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Designed by Walker & Angell.</p><br>
<p>474-482 Forest Avenue, 1925-1926, garage in the Tudor Revival style. Designed by Walker & Angell.</p><br>
<p>474-476 North Main Street, c. 1910, one-part commercial block. Altered c. 1930.</p><br>
<p>475 North Main Street, 1892, two-part commercial block. Storefront altered in 1935.</p><br>
<p>McChesney Foods store, c. 1900, one-part commercial block. Altered in 1935.</p><br>
<p>479 North Main Street, c. 1920, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>480 North Main Street, c. 1900, two-part commercial block. Altered in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>480a North Main Street, c. 1900, one-part commercial block. Altered c. 1930</p><br>
<p>481-483 North Main Street, 1914, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Altered first in 1932 by Walker & Angell and again in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Frederick G. Walker Block, 1892, two-part commercial block in the Renaissance Revival style. Designed by Frederick G. Walker. Altered in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>485 North Main Street, 1955, one-part commercial block. Designed by Emil Larson.</p><br>
<p>486 North Main Street, c. 1900, one-part commercial block. Altered in 1959.</p><br>
<p>George M. H. Wagner Building, 1896, two-part commercial block in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>491-499 North Main Street, c. 1925, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style. Altered c. 1935.</p><br>
<p>492-496 North Main Street, c. 1910, one-part commercial block. Altered c. 1945.</p><br>
<p>497 Pennsylvania Avenue, c. 1920, one-part commercial block</p><br>
<p>499 Pennsylvania Avenue, 1915, garage</p><br>
<p>505-507 Pennsylvania Avenue, c. 1920, one-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>Mount Hope is a historic home located at Falls Church, Virginia. It was built in the 1830s, as a -story, frame I-house dwelling. It consists of three parts: a frame dwelling built about 1830; a -story, 3-bay, Gothic Revival brick dwelling built in 1869; and a 1-bay brick section that joins the two. The 1869 section features a pair of corbel topped chimneys that pierce the apex of the gable roof, which has a substantial overhang on all elevations. It also has a three-bay porch with low hipped roof across the front facade.</p><br>
<p>The 1831 wing of the house is the oldest residential building in Falls Church. It was one of the earliest stops on the local mail route.</p><br>
<p>Amzi Coe purchased the residence in 1842 and named it Mount Hope. The property was used for meetings of the Presbyterian Church in the parlor.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Deer Path Inn is a historic hotel, originally named Deerpath Inn because of its previous location on Deerpath Road, is now located at 255 E. Illinois Road in Lake Forest, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The oldest Inn in Lake Forest which is still in operation today as The Deer Path Inn, was established in 1894 in a residence for Col. William Sage Johnston. Shortly afterward, the house was moved one block to the north to make way for the Gorton School. It came under ownership of Kate Lancaster Brewer, who first operated it as a hotel and gave it its present name. A new building was completed in 1903 at the corner of Deerpath and McKinley Roads, since demolished. Its current building was constructed in 1928&ndash;29 by then-owner Edwin Burgess on Illinois Avenue. Architect William C. Jones designed the hotel in the Tudor Revival style; his plan was inspired by a 15th-century manor house in Chiddingstone, England. A fire in 1938 damaged the building and required extensive repairs to the third story; the renovation work was conducted by architects Anderson and Ticknor.</p><br>
<p>The hotel functioned as an apartment hotel and served as a permanent home for many wealthy Lake Forest residents, particularly older ones who were unable to maintain private homes. The hotel&#39;s single front door and interior spaces were designed to resemble a large home or club rather than a multi-resident complex, separating it from many other apartment hotels of the era. While apartment hotels were common in Chicago and Evanston, The Deer Path Inn was the only apartment hotel of its type in the other communities of the North Shore. The hotel still operates as a resort and wedding venue.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Mineola Hotel is a historic hotel located at 91 North Cora Street in Fox Lake, Illinois. The hotel is located on the western shore of Fox Lake, one of the lakes which forms the Chain O&#39;Lakes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Parker purchased a tract of land along Fox Lake on behalf of the Union League Club of Chicago. The club intended to develop the property as a recreational retreat for its members and built a small clubhouse on the site. The Mineola Club of Chicago constructed the northern half of the hotel in 1888 as a clubhouse; the building became a hotel in 1891. Christen Knowles, Robert McNeil, and Charles OBoyle were tasked with this sections construction. Al Capone purportedly visited the hotel occasionally as a weekend retreat.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing to the National Register of Historic Places on July 29, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The frame building features a three-story square tower above its front entrance, hipped dormers on each side of the tower, and a two tier verandah with Stick style ornamentation encircling three of its sides. It is the largest surviving frame building in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The Fletcher Free Library is the public library serving Burlington, Vermont. It is located at 235 College Street, in an architecturally distinguished Beaux-Arts building, constructed in 1902 with funding support from Andrew Carnegie. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Fletcher Free Library was established in 1873, endowed by Mary Martha Fletcher, the daughter of a local businessman. It outgrew its initial building on Church Street by 1901. A new building was constructed in 1901–04 with funds provided by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, making it the first of the four Carnegie libraries in the state of Vermont. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Walter R. B. Willcox of Burlington, who won a competition to receive the commission.</p><br>
<p>The building had major settling problems in 1973 where it had been built over a filled-in ravine, and the librarys collection was moved elsewhere. The possible razing of the building was stopped by a citizens committee, which successfully had it added to the National Register of Historic Places, and a grant allowed the stabilization and repair of the building. A new modern addition was completed in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The largest public library in Vermont, the Fletcher Free Library had a budget of over $3 million in 2022. It circulated more books, had more visitors, and had more computers, than any other library in the state. In addition to its primary services as Burlingtons public library, it is also a community center, a cultural resource for newly arrived immigrants to the Burlington area, and the citys only free public access computer center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The library is located just east of downtown Burlington, at the southeast corner of College Street and South Winooski Avenue. The Carnegie building is a tall single-story structure, built of brick with terra cotta trim and resting on a granite foundation. Its central bay projects, providing the building&#39;s original entrance beneath a gabled roof, while a larger hip-roof section projects to the rear. It has rusticated brick corner pilasters and an elaborately detailed Corinthian cornice. To the left, the modern three-story addition is attached to the rear left of the original building, and now provides the main entrance via a walkway between the two sections.</p><br>
<p>The Elms, also known as the P. D. Camp House, is a historic home located at Franklin, Virginia. It was built in 1898, as a -story, stuccoed brick eclectic dwelling with features of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles. It has a rear brick ell. It consists of a hipped roof central block flanked by a pedimented gable end and a three-story turret with a conical roof. The roof is topped with original decorative iron cresting and the house has a one-story porch. The house was built by Paul D. Camp, founder of the Camp Manufacturing Company, and later the Union Camp Corporation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Historic District is a national historic district located at Franklin, Virginia. The district includes 226 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the city of Franklin. It includes residential and commercial buildings that were primarily built during the late 19th- and early 20th-century. Notable resources include the Poplar Springs Cemetery, Camp Family Homestead , the former W.T. Pace Hardware Store, former USA Post Office , Franklin Professional Building , Lyons State Theatre , Pretlow Peanut Company Warehouses, High Street Methodist Church , Emmanuel Episcopal / Grace Lutheran Church, and Franklin Elementary School . Located in the district is the separately listed The Elms.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, with a boundary increase in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Tivadar and Dorothy Balogh House is a private house located at 49800 Joy Road in Plymouth Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tivadar Balogh was born in Detroit in 1926. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, and afterward attended the University of Michigan on a track scholarship. Balogh graduated in 1952 with a degree in architecture; during and after his college career he worked for a string of architectural firms in the area, including Earl Confer; O&#39;Dell, Hewlett & Luckenbach; Robert Metcalf; Shreve, Walker & Associates; and W. B. Ford Design Associates. With the onset of the Korean War, Balogh returned to the Navy for another tour.</p><br>
<p>After returning to Michigan, Balogh married school teacher Dorothy Bleimeister and began working in Ann Arbor. In 1954, he joined the office of Robert C. Metcalf, where he worked until 1960. In 1958, Balogh purchased the three-acre wooded lot which this house sits on, and designed this house for himself, his wife, Dorothy and their family. The house was constructed in 1958–59. The cost of construction was approximately $32,000, although the Baloghs saved some costs by performing a lot of work themselves.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, Balogh began his own architectural practice, where he designed approximately 150 residential, institutional and commercial structures in Michigan, Illinois, and Arizona. Balogh also taught at the University of Michigan&#39;s College of Architecture and served on various local planning commissions. He retired in 1997 and died in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Balogh House is set back from the road on a heavily wooded lot along a dirt road. The house is a two-story cubic structure, roughly square in plan, and clad in redwood siding. The house sits on a partial basement on one side and support posts on the other side. The section beneath the house was originally open, and used for parking; the space beneath gives the house an impressive "lightness" and makes it appear to hover above the landscape. The dramaticness of the house has been reduced due to the infilling of the underneath to create a new room.</p><br>
<p>The house is entered by a simple cantilevered stairway that ends in an open section of the house&#39;s volume. The interior contains 1,600 ft&sup2; of living space spread over three levels (including an unfinished basement and office space at grade level). The first floor contains a kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, and a two-story living room, along with an open stair in the center of the building. The second floor contains two bedrooms and a bathroom. Interior walls are primarily covered with Douglas fir boards.</p><br>
<p>The William and Margot Kessler House is a private house located at 1013 Cadieux Road in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Henry Kessler was born in 1924 in Reading, Pennsylvania. After working there for some time, Kessler and fellow architect Phil Meathe departed to form their own firm, Meathe, Kessler and Associates. In 1959, Kessler designed this house for himself, his wife Margot, and his family; he constructed it for a total cost of $30,000.</p><br>
<p>Meathe, Kessler and Associates was dissolved in 1968, and Kessler established his own eponymous firm, while Meathe joined Smith, Hinchman and Grylls, eventually becoming president of the firm. Kessler&#39;s firm worked on a variety of single family houses, public housing, college and university buildings, and hospitals. William Kessler died in 2002; his widow Margot remained living in this house until her own death in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Kessler House is located on a residential street amid traditional Tudor and Colonial Revival houses, and across the street from Beaumont Hospital. It is a single-story, square plan structure with a light steel frame measuring 39 ft by 42 ft. The most dramatic features of the house are the saw-tooth roof and the textured brick privacy fence that creates an enclosed garden along the front of the house.</p><br>
<p>The entrance to the house is located under a flat roof between the house and the adjacent storage room/carport. The front and rear elevations of the house are divided into three bays, corresponding to the "teeth" in the roof form, and are entirely glazed from floor to ceiling. The end walls are brick, and contain only the entry door on one side and a single window on the other.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house contains 1,700 ft&sup2; of living space, including three bedrooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen, a living room, a dining room and a family room. The basement space below remains unfinished. The walls of the main living space are plaster, while the ceiling is covered with cedar planks. The cedar ceiling follows the contour of the roof, and the planks extend beyond the walls to form the exterior soffits.</p><br>
<p>The Cadillac Carnegie Public Library, now the Wexford County Historical Society Museum, was constructed as a Carnegie Library located at 127 Beech Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, the Andrew Carnegie Foundation agreed to donate $15,000 toward the cost of a new library in Cadillac, subject to the community raising matching funds. The Cadillac Literary Society matched the funds, and in 1904 Scheurmann & Merriam Architects of Saginaw, Michigan were selected to design the building, and Freuchtel Construction Company was selected to be the building contractor. The library was completed in 1906 at a cost of $30,000. The building served as a public library until 1969.</p><br>
<p>After that time, it was used by the Cadillac Police Department until 1977, after which it was considered for demolition. The city accepted the Wexford County Historical Society&#39;s proposal to use the building as a museum, and it became the Wexford County Historical Society Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cadillac Public Library is a single story polygonal Classical Revival brick building sitting on a raised stone foundation. It has a shallow-pitched hip roof with a low-pitched dome. The entryway in through a simple door flanked by Ionic columns and surmounted with a semi-circular window.</p><br>
<p>The Backusburg Mounds  are an archaeological site in the Jackson Purchase region of the USA state of Kentucky. Located near the tiny community of Backusburg in northwestern Calloway County, the mounds are one of the region&#39;s premier archaeological sites. Since at least the early years of the twentieth century, the mounds have been well known locally, due partially to their large size; the largest mound measures 150 x at the base. Located on a ridgeline above a fork of the Clarks River, the mound bears a peculiar shape; its size and shape have caused observers to suggest that it might actually be the remnants of a series of smaller mounds placed next to each other. As late as the 1930s, this largest mound had never been plowed; it lay in dense woodland, and among the trees growing upon it were some of considerable size. Nevertheless, the mound has not been preserved entirely without damage; various parts of the mound have been dug into at various times and have yielded numerous artifacts. Such findings are not unprecedented in the area; a field close to Backusburg has long produced skeletons, projectile points, and pottery when plowed, leading to its identification as a former village site.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists first learned of the site in the 1920s, but only one scholarly investigation was conducted at the site during the twentieth century; it was performed largely by a team of students from the nearby Murray State University under the leadership of archaeologist Kenneth Carstens in 1981. Although Murray State only had one days access to the site, the team was able to produce maps of the site that enabled its boundaries to be determined accurately, and the materials they collected from the surface enabled Carstens to study the sites cultural affiliation; it has since been determined to be a work of a Mississippian people. Four years later, the mound complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under its Smithsonian trinomial designation of 15-CW-64; it is Calloway Countys only National Register-listed archaeological site and one of thirteen in the Jackson Purchase with this designation. Additional work was finally conducted at Backusburg in mid-2013, as another team of Murray State archaeology students was assigned to document the site more carefully for their field school. At the same, the property was in the middle of being bought by The Archaeological Conservancy, an organization whose raison dêtre is purchasing archaeological sites in order to preserve them.</p><br>
<p>Mound Hill  and 20 ft  by an 1884 survey, which pronounced it a "romantic sight" due to its hilltop location between Stoner Creek and Pretty Run. The surveyors suggested that its linear shape with a central depression might have been the result of erosion or of the construction of multiple mounds that were later merged into one. It lies approximately 0.5 mi west of the rest of the group, which occupies the summit of a narrow ridgeline known as the "Devil&#39;s Backbone." Digging at these mounds, which were seemingly related to Mound Hill, produced artifacts such as pottery and a pipe, as well as numerous stone box graves.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, Mound Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. One of several Clark County archaeological sites on the Register, it was deemed to encompass an area of 18 acre for preservation purposes. It is believed to have been built by peoples of the Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>Farmers Bank of Fredericksburg, also known as The National Bank of Fredericksburg, is a historic bank building located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1819–20, and is a -story, rectangular red-brick building in the Federal style. It features a slate-covered front gable roof with a lunette window in the front pediment, wide cornice, three pairs of brick chimneys, and engaged pedestal columns with full entablature on the front facade. The front portion of the main floor had been used as a banking house since its construction, while the rooms at the rear and those on the second floor housed the bank&#39;s cashiers and their families from 1820 to 1920. In 2016, after completing renovations to the inside of the building, the building was converted into a restaurant while keeping the existing bank vault as a private dining area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fredericksburg Town Hall and Market Square, also known as the Fredericksburg Area Museum, is a historic town hall and public market space located in Fredericksburg, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built between 1814 and 1816, and consists of a two-story, five-bay, rectangular center block with flanking one-story rectangular wings in the Federal style. The brick building has stone steps fanning the front of the structure. The building has large sandstone arches in the back that open to the Market Square. Market Square is a paved area that abuts the rear of the building. The building housed city offices until 1982.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is located in the Fredericksburg Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Fredericksburg Area Museum</h2><br>
<p>In 2020, the Fredericksburg Area Museum re-opened after a renovation. It is exhibiting “Hometown Teams: How Sports Shape America.” from the Smithsonian Institution traveling exhibit service.</p><br>
<p>The Frank J. Cobbs House is a private house located at 407 E. Chapin Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1985 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Frank J. Cobbs was born in Jackson County, Indiana in 1872, and was adopted by Jonathan W. Cobbs. The Cobbs family soon moved to Cadillac where the elder Cobbs purchased a sawmill and, along with William W. Mitchell, founded the lumbering firm of Cobbs & Mitchell. Cobbs & Mitchell was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan, supplying hardwood flooring and other products to consumers. At its high point, Cobbs & Mitchell used 100,000 feet of raw lumber daily. Cobbs & Mitchell&#39;s operations played a major role in the economic development of Cadillac in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Frank Cobbs attended prep school at the University of Notre Dame, later attended the Michigan Military Academy, then obtained a degree from Olivet College in 1894.</p><br>
<p>Cobbs married Maude Louise Belcher in April 1898; In 1905, additions were made to the house, including adding a reading room over the porte cochere and extending the east wing. In 1912, the Cobbs moved to Oregon to supervise the Cobbs & Mitchell logging operations there, and in 1917 had an impressive Jacobethan mansion built in Portland. Maud Louise Cobbs died in Portland in 1940; Frank J. Cobbs died in 1951.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Frank J. Cobbs House is a three-story Colonial Revival house with clapboard siding and a gambrel roof clad in red cedar shingles. The center of the front facade projects slightly forward and is surmounted by a gambrel-roof gable. One end of the house has a gable-roofed wing, while the other has what was once a porte cochere, which is now enclosed with an added second story room. The central portion of the facade projects slightly forward of the primary facade plane and is topped by a gambrel-roof gable. The exterior contains a variety of decorative elements, including a Palladian window, windows with molded caps, round-head dormers, and fluted columns and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>A former carriage house, matching the main house in style, is sited nearby. The carriage house now has an organ.</p><br>
<p>The Cobbs and Mitchell Building is an office building located at 100 East Chapin Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980. and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>George A. Mitchell, the youngest son of Congressman William Mitchell, arrived in the Cadillac area in 1869, exploring the proposed route of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Mitchell was particularly interested in the area near Clam Lake (now Lake Cadillac). In 1871, he returned to the area and platted a village on the shore of the lake, and by January 1872 the village had 300 inhabitants. and Jonathon W. Cobbs.</p><br>
<p>Cobbs was born in Westville, Ohio, in 1828, the son of Joseph and Tacy Cobbs. He learned his father&#39;s trade of woodworking, then moved to Butlerville, Indiana, to operate a sawmill. There in 1855 he married Nancy J. Preble; the couple had three daughters: Tacy, Fauna, and Isabelle, and adopted a son, Frank. Cobbs eventually owned three sawmills in Indiana, but decided that the Cadillac area held more promise; he moved there in 1874 and purchased the Pioneer Sawmill from John R. Yale. In 1877, he took on William W. Mitchell as a partner.</p><br>
<p>William W. Mitchell was born in 1854 in Hillsdale, Michigan, the third son of Charles T. Mitchell. He went to school at Hillsdale College, and in 1873 followed his uncle George to Cadillac. There he married Ella Yost; the couple had two children, Charles T. and Marie. He worked for his uncle for a few years, and in 1877 entered into a partnership with Jonathon W. Cobbs, marking the beginning of the firm of Cobbs & Mitchell. Cobbs & Mitchell was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan, supplying hardwood flooring and other products to consumers. At its high point, Cobbs & Mitchell used 100,000 feet of raw lumber daily.</p><br>
<p>Jonathon W. Cobbs remained active in the business until approximately 1895, when he fell ill and turned over his duties to his son Frank. Jonathon W. Cobbs died in 1898. William W. Mitchell continued on as president of the firm; he also formed Mitchell Brothers with his brother, Austin W. Mitchell, to make flooring.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>In 1905, Cobbs & Mitchell hired George D. Mason of Detroit to design this brick and limestone building as a showplace for their products. The building was completed in 1907, and served as the headquarters and sales offices of Cobbs & Mitchell and of Mitchell Brothers Company, with space leased to other lumbering interests and local firms. In 1938, the State Highway Department (now the Michigan Department of Transportation) purchased the building; they used it as a headquarters for planning expansion of roadways in the northern Michigan area.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Department of Transportation used the building until 2008. In 2010, it was acquired by the city of Cadillac, which intended to promote the reuse of the property by the private sector. Later in the year, the city sold the building to Michilake Corporation, a private developer.</p><br>
<p>In April 2017, philanthropist, real estate developer and investor, Robb Munger became the owner of the Cobbs and Mitchell historical building. Robb Munger has restored and updated the historical landmark including preserving the vintage woodwork, creating a handicap access (including an elevator) and replacing the old boiler system with a modern HVAC system that will better preserve the historical landmark. Robb Munger opened the building on July 3, 2018, to the public for an open house and to celebrate its renovation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cobbs & Mitchell Building is a single story Classical Revival structure built of brick and limestone with a hip roof. It is three bays wide, with a grand center entryway decorated by decorative garland molds. Limestone forms the base of the building, rising eight feet from grade level.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains 11,762 ft&sup2; in a main floor, basement level, and unfinished attic. The building is finished throughout using nine varieties of wood native to Michigan: elm, white maple, bird&#39;s-eye maple, sap birch, red birch, curly red birch, red beech, red oak and hemlock. The original marble fireplaces, radiators, and wallpaper are intact.</p><br>
<p>The Charles T. Mitchell House is a private house located at 118 North Shelby Street in Cadillac, Michigan, USA. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1987 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George A. Mitchell, a brother to Congressman William Mitchell of Indiana, arrived in the Cadillac area in 1869, exploring the proposed route of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. He was particularly interested in the area near Clam Lake (now Lake Cadillac). In 1871, he returned to the area and platted a village on the shore of the lake, and by January 1872 the village already had 300 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>In 1874, George Mitchell built this house in the Second Empire style, including ornate carved woodwork inside and a mansard roof outside. He lived here until 1878, when his business partner, Wellington W. Cummer, purchased it. Cummer lived in the house until 1922.</p><br>
<p>George Mitchells nephew William Mitchell went on to form, with partner Jonathan W. Cobbs, the firm of Cobbs & Mitchell, which was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan; he also formed Mitchell Brothers. In 1876, William Mitchell married Ella Yost; the couple had two children, Charles T. Mitchell and Marie Mitchell. As the 20th century dawned, Charles T. Mitchell began looking after William Mitchells affairs, and when William died in 1915, Charles was able to step in as president of the companies formerly headed by his father.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, Charles T. Mitchell purchased the house built by his uncle George from Wellington W. Cummer. In 1926, Mitchell completely renovated the house to reflect the then-current Prairie School trend in architecture. The house was clad with red brick, most of the ornamentation was removed, and the mansard roof was replaced with a low hip roof.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Charles T. Mitchell House is a two-story rectangular house clad in rust-colored brick with a slate hip roof. A single story, L-shaped carriage house is constructed similarly.</p><br>
<p>The Alexis Opera House is a historic theater building located at 101–105 N. Main St. in Alexis, Illinois. The building, which operated from 1889 until 1920, hosted traveling entertainment and community functions. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The opera house was constructed in 1889 by William S. Weir, a Monmouth businessman who also owned the Bank of Alexis. It hosted its first show on November 1 of the same year, when the May Bretonne Company performed there. The opera house hosted traveling theatrical acts, musicians, and lecturers and advertised itself as hosting an act every three weeks. In addition, a number of civic functions were held in the building; Alexis High School held its graduation ceremony in the opera house every year until the building&#39;s closure, and numerous public meetings and community performances took place there as well. In the 1910s, religious services were also held in the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the states fire marshal shut down the opera house over safety code violations, as the building had no fire escape and its seats were not attached to the floor. The buildings owner, William A. McKnight, considered the changes too expensive to be worth undertaking and never reopened the opera house. McKnight continued to run a funeral parlor and hardware store in the building&#39;s commercial spaces through 1950.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Alexis Opera House was designed in the Romanesque Revival style. The two-story building&#39;s plan features three storefronts on its first floor and the theater on its second. The front facade is divided into bays delineating the three storefronts; the storefronts feature recessed glass entrances supported by columns, while the second floor is constructed of brick. Brick piers which extend through the roofline separate the second-story bays. Each bay features three vertical sets of windows, with one wide set in the middle of each bay and narrower sets on its sides. Limestone coursing marks the top and bottom of the second-story windows and separates the clerestory windows from the rest. The parapet roof features ornamental brickwork.</p><br>
<p>Elmhurst is a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1871, and is a two-story, three-bay, double-pile, L-plan, brick dwelling in the Italianate style. It is topped by a hipped roof over a low-pitched, pyramidal and shed roof with a large belvedere and eaves supported by large, elaborate brackets. It has a -story kitchen wing added in 1900 and a -story addition and porch built between 1912 and 1921.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Central Congregational Church is a United Church of Christ congregation established in 1852 in Providence, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The current church building at 296 Angell Street was built in 1893, designed by New York architectural firm Carrère and Hastings. It is part of the Stimson Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The church has a long tradition of social and community work in the Providence area, the United States and around the world.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church’s history traces back to the 1830s, when Providence Congregationalists sought a new place of worship on the east side of the river. They received a charter for the Benefit Street Congregational Society in 1836 but faced difficulties obtaining land. The organization received a new charter in 1850, and changed its name to the Central Congregational Society in 1851.</p><br>
<p>Among the early leaders in the church were John Kingsbury, William J. King, George L. Claflin, William J. Cross, and Nancy Marsh.</p><br>
<p>The church called the Rev. Leonard Swain from Nashua, New Hampshire to be its minister in 1852. Rev. Swain insisted that the church pay off all its debts before he accepted his call. Rev. Swain was "a man of rare intellectual power and attainment, commanding a sustained hearing among men of prominence in the city, men who disagreed with him radically as to his strictness and to his views of life and conduct, yet who came to hear the greatest preacher in Providence." Leonard Swain died at age 48 in 1869, while serving as minister.</p><br>
<p>For the church’s 50th anniversary in 1902, longtime deacon Moses E. Torrey wrote of the founding of the church and the pastorate of Leonard Swain. After Torrey’s address, the Rev. George Harris, the Rev. Charles W. Huntington, and the Rev. Edward C. Moore each wrote of their successive pastorates. During Moore&#39;s tenure, the church made the transition from its original Benefit Street building to a new edifice on Angell Street and Diman Place. Rev. Moore resigned to become Parkman Professor of Theology at Harvard University in 1902, the year of the church’s 50th anniversary. At this time, Gregory D. Walcott was the Assistant Minister, and the diaconate consisted of Moses E. Torrey, Edwin Barrows, Thomas B. Stockwell, John W. Danielson, Frederic H. Fuller, Arthur W. Fairchild, Frederick H. Jackson, and James C. Kimball.</p><br>
<p>The church supported the founding of the first Cape Verdean Protestant church in America, now called Sheldon Street Church.</p><br>
<p>The church published a paper for its 75th anniversary in 1927. The paper notes early members John Kingsbury, William J. King, William J. Cross, William Viall, Abner Gay, Shubael Hutchins, and Frederick Fuller. It also mentions Amos D. Smith, James Y. Smith, William Foster, Samuel Foster, Robert H. Ives, and Alexander Duncan who were not members, but were actively involved in the church.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Original Building</h3><br>
<p>The original building of Central Congregational Church is a brownstone Romanesque structure at 226 Benefit Street, designed by Thomas Tefft and built from 1853-1856.</p><br>
<p>The site was determined by a building committee of James Y. Smith, John Kingsbury, and William Foster, with a groundbreaking in 1851.</p><br>
<p>The Congregation outgrew this building in the College Hill Historic District, and moved to its current location in the 1890s. The old building is now part of the Rhode Island School of Design, and is known as Memorial Hall.</p><br>
<h3>Current Building</h3><br>
<p>A committee of Francis W. Carpenter, John W. Danielson, Frederic Fuller, Frederick C. Sayles, and Frederic Talbot recommended the move to the corner of Angell Street and Diman Place.</p><br>
<p>For the new building, architect Thomas Hastings and minister Edward C. Moore wanted to use the Renaissance style for its historical associations. The cornerstone was laid in July 1891, and the building was dedicated in November 1893. Franklin J. Sawtelle served as supervising and constructing architect.</p><br>
<p>The dome and vaulting of the current structure is of tiles by Rafael Guastavino, it is the first dome that he constructed in the USA The dome and vaulting originally featured exposed red Guastavino tile on its exterior, but this was later covered with copper. The original towers were damaged in storms, and were replaced in 1958.</p><br>
<p>The interior features oak woodwork. Some work was completed by Pottier & Stymus.</p><br>
<p>The primary interior decoration is focused on the pulpit and the chancel.</p><br>
<h4>Chancel</h4><br>
<p>Francis W. Carpenter funded the chancel apse decoration, which was executed by Herman T. Schladermundt of New York. The First Century of Central Congregational Church (1952) describes the painted scenes:</p><br>
<p>The communion table was "purchased from the legacy of Miss Nancy Marsh." The Gorham bronze lectern was a gift of the Young People&#39;s Societies.</p><br>
<h4>Stained Glass</h4><br>
<p>The round stained-glass windows under the dome were the work of the J&R Lamb Studios and the Decorative Stained Glass Company, and were installed when the church was built.</p><br>
<p>The larger stained-glass windows were designed by Jacob Holzer with work by the Duffner and Kimberly Company, and were installed over several years in the early 20th century. They depict the creation of the earth in the east and the heavenly city in the west, and are described as unsurpassed in the state. The First Century of Central Congregational Church (1952) provides a description of the window plan:</p><br>
<p>An additional backlit stained-glass pendant was added at the corner of the side aisle and the East Transept in 1950. It was given by former organist, Helen Hogan Coome, who with church support ministered to Londoners suffering after The Blitz. The pendant is a depiction of the church, designed by an artist that Coome helped.</p><br>
<p>It is described in the 1952 Anniversary Calendar:</p><br>
<h4>Organ</h4><br>
<p>The current Aeolian-Skinner organ was installed in 1965 and dedicated to the Reverend Arthur Howe Bradford. It replaced an organ built by Austin Organs in 1917, which replaced a Farrand & Votey Organ Company instrument. The installation included a new organ screen and the extension of the choir loft. It contains four divisions, 58 ranks and a total of 3,456 pipes, and was restored in 2009.</p><br>
<h4>Chapel Hall</h4><br>
<p>Before the construction of the present sanctuary, the church built Memorial Chapel, now known as Chapel Hall. The Chapel was given to the church by Mr. and Mrs. John W. Danielson and Miss Amelia Lockwood, in memory of Amos DeForest Lockwood and Amelia Fuller Lockwood. It was first used on Easter Sunday, April 17, 1892.</p><br>
<h4>Education Wing</h4><br>
<p>Between 1928 and 1932, the church added a large Church School building, and renovated and expanded other facilities, including the Memorial Chapel. The architects for these additions were Jackson, Robertson & Adams. The Education Wing contains a large basement recreation room, known as the Makepeace Room.</p><br>
<h4>Wilson Chapel</h4><br>
<p>In 1964, the side-facing pews in the West Transept were re-arranged to face forward, creating the Wilson Chapel. It is named in honor of the Rev. William Croft Wilson, a young associate minister of the church who died very suddenly.</p><br>
<h2>Senior Ministers</h2><br>
<p>To date, there have been ten Senior Ministers of Central Congregational Church:</p><br>
<p>Leonard Swain, D.D. 1852-1869</p><br>
<p>George Harris Jr., D.D. 1872-1883</p><br>
<p>Charles W. Huntington, D.D. 1884-1888</p><br>
<p>Edward C. Moore, D.D. 1889-1902</p><br>
<p>Edward F. Sanderson, B.D. 1903-1908</p><br>
<p>Gaius Glenn Atkins, D.D. 1910-1917</p><br>
<p>Arthur H. Bradford, D.D. 1918-1952</p><br>
<p>Lawrence L. Durgin, D.D. 1952-1961</p><br>
<p>Raymond E. Gibson, Ph.D. 1961-1988</p><br>
<p>Rebecca L. Spencer, M.Div. 1988-2023</p><br>
<p>Patrick Faulhaber, M.Div. 2024-</p><br>
<p>The Comal Power Plant was originally a lignite  power generating facility, built starting in 1925, in New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas. It was decommissioned in the 1970s, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It has since been converted to The Landmark Lofts apartments. At its peak, the plant supplied about 70,000 kWh.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plant was built near the Comal Canal, which was the main source of water to cool the turbines and generators. Power was derived from fuel-burning steam generators, it was not a hydroelectric plant. The Comal Power Plant supplied power to central Texas, as well as several nearby military bases, particularly during World War II when the plant was temporarily under the direction of the United States War Department.</p><br>
<p>The plant was designed to use lignite, a low energy form of coal that, while relatively inexpensive, required special shipping and processing to use as a fuel source. Once natural gas was made available in the area around 1927, the plant began a conversion to natural gas as its primary heat source with fuel oil as a secondary source. This was completed in 1929, and reduced the manpower needed by the plant from a peak of 135 workers to less than half of that number. During the Great Depression, the plant reduced the work week from six to five days to allow additional workers to be added to the payroll.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, a small 23.5 ton 0-4-0 steam locomotive was built at Baldwin Locomotive Works for the San Antonio Public Services Company. This locomotive was used for only the two years the plant burned lignite and was subsequently put on display at the power plant after the conversion to gas and was regularly painted silver in an effort preserve it. The locomotive was equipped with a vastly oversized air compressor and five air tanks to operate a rotary car dumper in the plant. In the early 1960s, a group of volunteers who organized as the Texas Transportation Museum were able to get the locomotive donated to their new organization. They moved it to the old tracks around the Pearl Brewery San Antonio, Texas and fired it up there and used it to give train rides to passengers. After decades in storage, the locomotive is today fully preserved and restored and pulls regular train rides on the Longhorn and Western Railroad at the Texas Transportation Museum</p><br>
<h2>Closing</h2><br>
<p>The 1970s energy crisis caused the price of natural gas to climb and its availability to decrease, forcing the plant to switch to fuel oil when its natural gas contract expired at the start of 1973. The expense of the additional workers needed to maintain the plant when using fuel oil resulted in the closing of the facility on June 16, 1973. The turbine generators and ancillary equipment were sold or relocated to other plants in the late 1970s and 1980s. At the end, the remaining equipment was disassembled and sold for scrap.</p><br>
<p>Federal Hill is a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built about 1794, and is a -story, brick and frame dwelling sheathed in weatherboard, with a two-story frame wing. It has a gable roof with dormers. The front facade has a central pedimented pavilion and recessed fanlight door. The large ballroom and elaborate dining room are distinctive for their mixing of late colonial and Federal detailing. Federal Hill was probably built by Robert Brooke , governor of Virginia from 1794 to 1796.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Idlewild, also known as the Downman House, was a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1859; a fire in April 2003 destroyed most of the interior and collapsed the roof. It was a -story, Gothic Revival-style brick dwelling with an English basement and an irregular "T" shape with a center passage plan. The house was topped by a steep slate gable roof.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property at present are three contributing brick dependencies and a contributing pet cemetery. During the American Civil War, Idlewild became a prominent landmark on 4 May 1863, during battle action related to the Chancellorsville campaign. On that evening Confederate General Robert E. Lee used the house as his headquarters, after being initially occupied that day by Federal troops of the Union Sixth Corps.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Idlewild Mansion in Fredericksburg, Virginia is also called Downman House. It is an excellent example of the American Gothic Revival style popular in the mid-1800s. Idlewild was built in 1859 by William Yates Downman, a blue blooded Virginian whose family seat was Belle Isle in Lancaster County.</p><br>
<p>It is thought that perhaps the style and name of Mr. Downmans house was inspired by the well-known editor and writer Nathaniel Parker Willis. Willis built a large Gothic styled "cottage" overlooking a steep gorge in the Hudson River Valley in 1846. When he first viewed the property, the sellers told him it was nothing but "an idle wild of which nothing could ever be made". As a result, the new home was named "Idlewild". Many of Willis writings made reference to his beloved home and in 1855 he published a popular book entitled "Outdoors At Idlewild". The book featured a drawing of a large Gothic styled mansion on its cover. William Downman may easily have been inspired to create his own Idlewild when he began building his new home for his growing family.</p><br>
<p>William and his wife Mary Ann Hayes Downman had three young children when they moved into their new home. Their oldest daughter Anne Hayes (Nannie) Downman would grow up and marry R. Innes Taylor of nearby Fall Hill. Sophia Chinn Downman would marry architect Marion Dimmock of Richmond. First born son Joseph Henry Downman (named after Williams father) would die only a few days after his birth. John Yates Downman dedicated his life to the ministry and would be the last surviving member of the family and the last family owner of Idlewild. Rawleigh William Downman was the first son to be born at Idlewild but would pass away at the early age of twenty one while visiting relatives in Baltimore. James Hayes Downman would become a successful New York businessman who came back to Fredericksburg where he died while visiting sister Nannie at her home at Fall Hill. Mary Ann had the first Tiffany stained glass window in St. Georges Church in Fredericksburg installed in memory of these two sons. In later years, Mary Ann, Nannie and Sophia moved back to their "city home" on Caroline Street in Fredericksburg. Mary Ann would be Fredericksburg&#39;s oldest resident when she died in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Idlewild served as Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s headquarters on May 4–5, 1863, during the Civil War’s Chancellorsville campaign. With its location just west of Fredericksburg, the mansion and its grounds were often the site of skirmishes and occupations by troops of both sides. Mention is made of some of the incidents in the "practice" letters of daughter Sophia who jotted down her correspondence in her father&#39;s old notebooks - one volume of which recently found its way back to Fredericksburg. (This little book and its writings was the subject of an article written by local historian and Idlewild advocate Donna Chasen.)</p><br>
<h2>Damage by fire</h2><br>
<p>Idlewild has been in ruins since it burned in April 2003 after vandals set it on fire. Idlewild again suffered damage from a smaller porch fire in August 2006. An earthquake on 23 August 2011 damaged the chimneys in the main house and leveled the two chimneys on the summer kitchen. The brick walls of the house have been braced with steel beams and remained basically unharmed by the quake. Considering, the house remains in stable condition. There are many theories to how the Downman House burned down the most likely being vandals. There are others such as homeless campers who set up a fire in the weakest fireplace.</p><br>
<h2>Official recognition</h2><br>
<p>The property has been added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Local surroundings</h2><br>
<p>The mansion sits on a hill overlooking Hazel Run. Three period dependencies remain: a summer kitchen, a meathouse and a laundry. It is thought that brick walkways remain connecting the main house to these outbuildings but further archaeological research would be necessary to confirm this. The land directly surrounding the mansion remains intact with older milking sheds, corn cribs and other non-contributing structures in place. It is well shielded by trees from the surrounding development.</p><br>
<p>A large planned community, called The Village of Idlewild, has been built centered around the mansion in recent years. Starting March, 2023, a large amount of property surrounding the mansion has been razed in order to build a middle school.</p><br>
<p>The Rowe House is a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1828, and is a two-story, four-bay, double-pile, side-passage-plan Federal style brick dwelling. It has an English basement, molded brick cornice, deep gable roof, and two-story front porch. Attached to the house is a one-story,</p><br>
<p>brick, two-room addition, also with a raised basement, and a one-story, late 19th century frame wing. The interior features Greek Revival-style pattern mouldings. Also on the property is a garden storage building built in about 1950, that was designed to resemble a 19th-century smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Sentry Box is a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1786, and is a large two-story, five-bay, Georgian style frame dwelling with Colonial Revival and Greek Revival-style details. It has a central-passage plan and side gable roof. Also on the property is a contributing icehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is located in the Fredericksburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Forest Grove School No. 5 is a historic building located near Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The one-room schoolhouse was built in 1873 after Pleasant Valley subdistrict No. 5 was formed. It was one of five subdistricts created in Pleasant Valley Township. The building was constructed and furnished for $1,500. The schoolhouse originally featured a cupola and a bell, which have subsequently been removed. It was one of five schools in Pleasant Valley Township.</p><br>
<p>The students who attended the school lived within 2 mi in rural Scott County. Children from age 5 to about 13 or 14 were educated by a single teacher. There were generally about 30 students at a time, however, many older boys only attended school in the winter when there was less of a need for them on the farm. Children in Iowa were not legally obligated to attend school until 1902. Many of the teachers stayed for one year, but a few stayed for extended periods of time. Subjects that were taught included English, math, reading, writing, spelling, geography, and history. Books were purchased from a local merchant in Princeton. School was in session from Labor Day to Memorial Day. There were few days off during the school year and there were no days off because of snow. A program was held at Christmas time and a picnic was held on the last day of school in the spring.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1957 and the property was bought by Delbert and Jeannette Blunk who farmed the adjacent property. Delbert Blunk attended school here in the 1930s as did his oldest two boys. The property was acquired by Forest Grove School Preservation, who are working to restore the building to its 1920 appearance. Their plans include opening a museum for children to learn about rural education.</p><br>
<p>Of the five one-room schoolhouses in the township, this is the only one that remains in its original form. One was destroyed by fire, one was torn down, and two were converted into residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic designation includes five resources on a triangular lot that is less than 1 acre in size. The two contributing buildings include the 1873 schoolhouse and a small garage/fuel shed to the northeast of the school. The contributing objects include two swing sets, one on either side of the building, and a pole from the Giant Stride, a popular early 20th-century playground feature. The swing set on the west side of the schoolhouse is located between two burr oak trees, which are all that remains from a grove of about 15 trees from which the school received its name. The remnants of the school&#39;s well are located in front of the building and that of an outhouse to the northwest of the schoolhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Renovation of the building began in 2012. Cedar Rapids architect Doug Steinmetz drew up the plans for the project. In 2014 a new furnace and a cedar shake roof were installed. By the end of 2015 a new concrete block foundation was constructed, wood siding was either replaced or maintained and painted. Eight replica replacement windows were put in place, and a new front door created by Carver Custom Millworks of Milan, Illinois, was installed. A new chimney, while not functional, was built on the north side with salvaged bricks to enhance the buildings 1920s appearance. On September 6, 2016 a replica bell tower, made by LeClaire, Iowa carpenter Ben Taylor, was put in place. The tower contains the schools original bell.</p><br>
<p>The restoration project was featured in the National Trust for Historic Preservation&#39;s magazine, Preservation, in 2018.</p><br>
<p>The project was also the subject of the 2023 Mid-America Emmy Awards winning Documentary Resurrecting Forest Grove.</p><br>
<p>Washington Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The district includes 36 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site , and 4 contributing objects in the city of Fredericksburg. It includes substantial, high-style residences that line both the east and the west sides of Washington Avenue reflect the various domestic styles that were popular at the turn of the 20th century. Notable dwellings include the Samuel W. Somerville House , Shepherd House , and Mary Washington Monument Caretaker&#39;s Lodge . The four commemorative works are the Mary Washington Monument , General Hugh Mercer Monument  by Edward Virginius Valentine , Jefferson Religious Freedom Monument , and the George Rogers Clark Memorial . Located in the district is the separately listed Kenmore.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis Store, also known as the Fielding Lewis Store, is a historic commercial building located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1749, and is a two-story, front-gable, three-bay Georgian style brick store. The second story addition was built in 1808. The building was rehabilitated between 2000 and 2006. The first story consists of a "sales room" on the front and a "counting room" on the rear. The building functioned as a store until 1823, after which it was used as a residence. It was built by John Lewis and operated by him and his son, Fielding Lewis, who was married to George Washington&#39;s sister Elizabeth Washington Lewis. Fielding and Elizabeth Lewis built the nearby Kenmore. The Lewis family sold the store in 1776.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. It is located in the Fredericksburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Reuben Clark House, also known as Willow Dell, is a historic home located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1854, and is a two-story, wood-frame dwelling. A kitchen wing was added to the main block between 1901 and 1904, and further additions were made to the house in the 1920s. The house feature a one-story wooden porch which wraps around the corner of the house and also shelters five bays of the front facade. It is one of Hampton&#39;s oldest surviving residences and its sole example of the Picturesque style. During the American Civil War, its large well was used by the Union Navy to supply large quantities of water for the boilers of the USS Minnesota. The builder of the house, Reuben Clark , was a prosperous merchant and steamboat captain.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Sara Raynolds Hall is a historic building on the University of New Mexico campus in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Completed in 1921, it originally housed the universitys home economics department. The building was privately funded by local citizens, including the $16,000 construction cost as well as several thousand dollars worth of equipment. One of the largest donors was Joshua Raynolds, whose mother was the buildings namesake.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Edward B. Christy, who was also responsible for the Pueblo style remodeling of Hodgin Hall in 1908. As with nearly all subsequent buildings on campus, Sara Raynolds Hall also employed the Pueblo style. It is a one-story, brick bearing wall structure with a beige stucco exterior. The building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Sarah Martin House is a historic home located at 310 East Broadway in Monmouth, Illinois. Constructed from 1875 to 1878, the Italian Villa style house was the home of Monmouth socialite Sarah Martin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Martin, a farmer and banker and the father of Sarah Martin, had the house built for his family in 1875. Upon its completion in 1878, the house was considered one of the most attractive homes in Monmouth. John and his wife died in 1880, and Sarah inherited the home at 14 years of age. Sarah studied at Monmouth College from 1887 to 1891, becoming a highly educated woman in an era when women&#39;s education was neither common nor encouraged. She became a prominent Monmouth socialite and hosted large parties and gatherings; as she was also a musician, she frequently entertained at her events. A supporter of universal education, Martin both volunteered for and gave money to Monmouth College. In 1914, Martin married John Fahey, and the couple moved to Sunnyvale, California in the late 1920s; Sarah nonetheless owned her home in Monmouth until 1945.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Sarah Martin House was designed in the Italian Villa style. The two-story house, which includes an attic and basement, was built with brick layered 16 to 22 in thick. The houses pitched roof is topped by a small cupola; the roofs flared eaves are decorated with brackets, dentils, and medallions. Three large bays contain the homes dining room and two front living rooms. A wraparound porch encircles the front side and west corner of the home. The homes windows are arranged in groups of two on the upper stories and groups of four on the bays, as is typical of the style. An iron fence, which still includes three of its original stone headers, surrounds the property.</p><br>
<p>The home includes a significant number of detailed decorations. The front door and each window are topped by ornamental cut stone headers, while cast iron headers with the homes year of completion carved in wood top the second-story windows. Three leaded glass windows adorn the front of the home, while two etched glass windows are located in and atop the front door. The amount of time put into this detail work led to the houses relatively lengthy construction period.</p><br>
<p>Hampton City Hall is a historic city hall located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1938–1939, and is a two-story, concrete building clad in brick veneer and topped with a flat roof surrounded by a parapet in the Art Deco style. In 1962, the building was expanded and converted for use as a Juvenile Courts and Probation Office. The entrance façade is marked by stylized fluted columns flanking the double-leaf replacement entrance doors and glass block window. There is a stylized Art Deco motif panel surrounding the City of Hampton seal above the double-leaf doors and decorative transom. Funding for the building&#39;s construction was provided by the Public Works Administration .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The current City Hall is located on Lincoln Street and opened in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Scott House, also known as The Magnolia House, is a historic home located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1889, and is a two-story, five-bay, stuccoed wood-frame Queen Anne style dwelling. It has a steeply pitched cross-gable roof and features cornice dentils, a bracketed cornice, elaborate gable ornamentation, an art glass transom over the raised panel double door, and 14 fluted Doric order columns that support a wrap-around porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Herbert House is a historic plantation home located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1753 on the point of land where the Hampton River meets Sunset Creek near Hampton Roads, and is a two-story, U-shaped, brick and frame Georgian style dwelling. It has a two-level front porch with the second story enclosed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. By the late 20th century the farmland surrounding the house had been developed as a marina and townhomes and the long vacant house was in danger of collapse. Extensive renovations were made in the first decade of the 21st century to restore the historic house to its 18th-century appearance.</p><br>
<p>Historic Little England  is a national historic district located at Hampton, Virginia. The district encompasses 87 contributing buildings in a streetcar suburb originally laid out in 1888. The primarily residential district includes notable examples of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles. Notable dwellings include the house of developer Frank Darling , Reed House , and the James Darling II residence .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The Historic Little England area (originally known as Darlings Little England) is an excellent example of a turn-of-the-century streetcar suburb on Virginias Peninsula. Originally laid out in 1888 by local entrepreneur James S. Darling as a complement to his newly constructed electric railway, the areas first house was erected prior to 1895 and the development was virtually complete by the second decade of this century. Since the houses in the area were constructed in consecutively popular modes (i.e. Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and American Foursquare) during an era of aggressive eclecticism, the districts architectural cohesiveness is established through use of common building materials, similarity of scale among structures, and mutually sympathetic exterior color schemes. In all probability three of the structures are products of the students of the Hampton Institute Trade School. These dwellings are a testament to early 20th-century efforts to improve the social and economic status of Blacks and Native Americans by means of a liberal education and training in the manual arts. The neighborhood is often associated with its progenitor, James S. Darling, who in 1886 purchased several parcels of land that were once part of the 18th-century plantation known as Little England. In 1888 the land was subdivided and offered for sale. No immediate development occurred for as yet unknown reasons.</p><br>
<h2>James S. Darling</h2><br>
<p>James S. Darling was an entrepreneur from New York who fortuitously arrived in Hampton in 1866 with a schooner carrying a cargo of lumber. Hampton had been virtually destroyed by the Civil War and Darling offered his services and lumber for house building. In such a market success came quite easily to Darling and he soon built his own lumber yard and grist mill. By 1879 he also owned a menhaden fish oil factory. A storm subsequently destroyed his factory and forced him into near-bankruptcy and another field of endeavor: the oyster business. By 1884 Darling was one of the largest oyster merchants in the United States. With 350 acres of oysters under cultivation, Darling was the founder of the wholesale oyster industry in Hampton.</p><br>
<p>In 1887 Darling founded the first electric streetcar railway on the Peninsula, connecting Hampton with Newport News. In addition he owned a hotel at the local resort of Buckroe Beach. Then, in 1898 this successful local entrepreneur retired to his house on Victoria Boulevard, where he died in 1900. Following Darlings platting of the Darlings Little England area, little immediate development occurred. However, steady development over the next thirty years allowed the neighborhood to mature in a rather interesting manner for that development demonstrates the progression of upper middle class architectural tastes through the first third of this century. It also clarifies the compatibility of the various popular styles.</p><br>
<h2>Founding</h2><br>
<p>Darling purchased the Little England property at about the same time his electric railway was being developed. Victoria Boulevard was located adjacent to the railway at a critical point where the track turned west to Newport News. Therefore, this subdivision became a perfectly situated suburb for businessmen who either worked in Hampton, a short distance to the north, or worked in Newport News and preferred to take advantage of the relatively low land prices of Hampton as a site for their homes. Census data, land tax records, and city directories indicate that this area was generally inhabited by professionals, successful merchants, ship pilots, and trawler owners, as well as the occasional capitalist.</p><br>
<p>According to city directories, Frank Darling, a member of his fathers oyster firm, president of the streetcar company, vice-president of the Hampton Bank, trustee of the Hampton Institute, founder of the Hampton Fire Department and Dixie Hospital, was the first resident in the area, building his house at 4403 Victoria Boulevard around 1895. By 1900 his neighbors included another capitalist, (Keaton at 4410), a lawyer (Woodward at 4501), a druggist (Young at 4607). Hamptons only photographer (Cheyne at 4411), a furniture store owner (Brittingham at 4509), a plumbing supply owner (Copeland at 4400), and Frank Darling&#39;s mother at 4405.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>On Columbia Avenue there were also six houses, occupied by people of similar social status. Most of these houses were designed in the Queen Anne mode, Park Place remained undeveloped until 1907, and on Linden Avenue there were four houses. When the Pressey House was built (1907), the Queen Anne Revival was the most common generic term in the United States to describe the eclectic houses that incorporated any or all of an assortment of materials and details which supposedly characterized a distinct historical style. Despite extensive pronouncements on the origins of the Queen Anne mode none of the discussion propounded a precise definition of the style. It became a matter of symbolic reference and inference, romantic inspiration, and individualized interpretation, rather than prescribed rules. Typically, Queen Anne facades featured elegant combinations of weatherboard, shingles, half-timbering, large</p><br>
<p>areas of casement windows and chimneys laid in decorative patterns. The goal in the design of the Queen Anne house appeared to be historical reminiscences and not references to specific buildings, as an expression of middle class financial comfort.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, at the death of her husband, Mary Darling gave her son Frank the land at Cedar Point as well as sufficient funds to construct a large house known as Cedar Hall. This large Queen Anne mansion existed on Cedar Point until 1975. The land it once occupied has recently been developed and is now occupied by three large split-level, ranch-style homes which have been excluded from the district. Development of Victoria Boulevard continued at an even pace for the next decade, leaving twenty houses on Victoria Boulevard, ten houses on Linden Avenue, and eleven on Columbia Street and Park Place by 1910. Although most of the residents were affluent, a few of the new houses erected were built as rental property and were occupied by lower income families.</p><br>
<p>Most of the later houses of larger dimensions constructed in the area were designed in the Colonial Revival style and reflected the new taste for simpler homes as well as evoking images of Virginias glorious colonial past. This turn toward simplicity was expounded by many of the early 20th-century popular magazines which extolled the virtues of the plainer house. The Queen Anne was discredited as a commercial efflorescence. Furthermore, -the numerous odd-shaped houses were hard to clean and consequently safe havens for deadly bacteria. The simpler Colonial Revival adopted by most of the later residents of this area would seem to reflect the aforementioned popular set of values. In addition popular works such as Joy Wheeler Dows American Renaissance (1904) provided models for the proper design of such structures. This revivalist style has never really disappeared from the Virginia landscape and several late 20th-century Colonial Revival structures in the district sympathetically reflect the earlier popularity of such a style. Of note also is the Georgian Revival variant of this mode, an example of which is 11 Cedar Point, built in 1927 by Frank Darling for his son J.S. Darling, 11. Its details reach a level of refinement that is rarely seen in this state for this style.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the dwellings built on Victoria Boulevard after 1910 were smaller American Foursquares. The same reductionist egalitarian and democratic spirit that spawned interest in the Colonial as a style for homes of those of comfortable means generated the style that is now known as the American Foursquare. This was a mode aimed at the general benefit of the masses; a straightforward, plain, yet dignified style characterized by simple rectilinear outlines and using only one or two materials for the facades. The surprising degree of architectural homogeneity that is achieved in this district is, to a large extent, attributable to this style&#39;s compatibility with both the Colonial Revival and the Queen Anne styles.</p><br>
<p>Three of the American Foursquares on Victoria Boulevard can be safely attributed to the hands of students of the Hampton Institute Trade School (4404, 4406, 4612). This important component of the institute was the vehicle by which Major Armstrong sought to provide social betterment for Blacks and Native Americans through their instruction in the manual arts, giving them the necessary skills to ply a trade. In addition, Armstrong advocated manual training as an adjunct to education in the liberal arts. Local legend has attributed several buildings, all American Foursquare in style, to the hand of the Institute students. Subsequent archival investigation has shown that 4612, the residence of Robert Sugden, a manual arts instructor at Hampton Institute, was in fact built by Institute students ca. 1914–15. The annual report of the Institute for that year also makes reference to two other dwellings erected by Institute students. Stylistic similarities and Darling family connections to the Institute point to the strong possibility that 4404 and 4406, both constructed on Darling Property ca. 1915, were built by Hampton Institute students.</p><br>
<p>Hampton Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Hampton, Virginia. The district encompasses 25 contributing buildings and 7 contributing sites in the central business district of Hampton. The district includes a variety of commercial, residential, institutional, and governmental buildings dating from the late-19th to mid-20th century. There are notable examples of the Beaux-Arts, Art Deco, and Gothic Revival styles. Notable buildings include First United Methodist Church , the Sclater Building , St. Tammanys Masonic Lodge , Hampton Baptist Church , Old Hampton Station Post Office , and the circuit courthouse . Located in the district and separately listed are St. Johns Episcopal Church  and the former Hampton City Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Pasture Point Historic District is a national historic district located at Hampton, Virginia. The district encompasses 110 contributing buildings in a streetcar suburb of Hampton platted in 1885. The residences include notable examples of the Late Victorian, Prairie School, and Bungalow styles. The district was largely developed by 1919, with some later infill dwellings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Old Wythe Historic District is a national historic district located at Hampton, Virginia. The district encompasses 2,076 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing structure in a primarily residential area of Hampton. The residences include notable examples of the Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Mission Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. The neighborhood association uses the spelling "Olde Wythe." This is followed on numerous local signs and historical makers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Wythe Historic District is part of the larger Wythe neighborhood. It was named after George Wythe, a law professor and signer of the Declaration of Independence who was born within what is now the City of Hampton. The name was first applied to this portion of Elizabeth City County after the Civil War and is reflected on in the 1870 USA Census. All of Elizabeth City County later became part of the City of Hampton.</p><br>
<p>The district first developed in the 1880s, and is composed generally of six primary subdivisions with the last platted in the 1930s. The earliest building is the John Simpson House, built in 1849.</p><br>
<p>Suburban development in the district was spurred by the growth of two nearby cities, Hampton and Newport News. The district experienced a boom in development during and after World War I, with over half of the residences being built in the 1930s and 40s.</p><br>
<p>Quarters 1, also known as Building 1, is a historic officer&#39;s quarters located at Fort Monroe, Hampton, Virginia. The original section was built in 1819, and consists of a three-story, central block, double pile residence with flanking, two-story wings in the Federal style. The northern wing, containing a large kitchen and cistern below, was erected as a separate building in 1823 and later connected to the main building in 1871. The 1871 connecting structure includes an octagonal solarium. The front facade features two-story porches, with carpenter Gothic railings, that were added during the last quarter of the 19th century. The interior features an elliptical staircase and an elliptical dome.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed as a residence and headquarters for Fort Monroe&#39;s commanding officer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Quarters 17, also known as Building 17, Lees Quarters, and the Tuileries, is a historic officers quarters located at Fort Monroe, Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1823, and is a two-story, six-bay, brick building with a rear ell in the Federal style. It has a three-story full façade front Tuscan order porch on both the first and second level. The building was renovated and the porch was added in 1907. The main section measures 65 feet wide, 37 feet, 9 inches deep, with an 18 by 23 feet rear ell. The original design was for housing eight junior officers, with later alterations to accommodate four families. It is one of two identical four family brick officer&#39;s quarters known as the Tuileries. Robert E. Lee moved to Fort Monroe in 1831 with his young bride into two rooms that formed a wing of the west side of Quarters 17. He resided there until November 1834.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Buckroe Beach Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Number Fifty and the Hampton Carousel, is a historic carousel operated by the Hampton History Museum in Hampton, Virginia. It was built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company and installed at Buckroe Beach in 1920. It measures 45 feet in diameter and the platform consists of 18 sections. It has 42 oil paintings; 30 mirrors; a 1914 Bruder band organ that plays 66 key B.A.B. rolls, 48 hand-carved wooden horses placed three abreast; and two upholstered, hand-carved wooden chariots. It was disassembled in 1985 when the Buckroe Beach Amusement Park closed. It was restored between 1988 and 1991 by R&F Designs of Bristol, CT, and was installed that year in its present location in Carousel Park, 602 Settlers Landing Road, across from the Virginia Air and Space Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
